Re the size of DNG data in LR 14.4. I did some reasonably careful testing with 112 sample raws for Sony a7 R3 (7952 x 5304).
My conclusion: The size of the Denoise data can be much larger than 5 MB and can vary by 10x for a given camera. The size primarily depends on the camera resolution and the amount of detail in the photo. ISO doesn't seem to be a big determinant in the size.
Details
I downloaded 112 sample raws for the Sony a7 R3 camera from dpreview.com. They had a wide range of scenes, lighting, lenses, and ISO.
The normal size of the .arw is about 85 MB, but if you enable Sony ARW Compression,the size is about 40 - 43 MB.
I looked at the sizes of the Denoise data stored in the .xmp sidecars, which is 25% larger than what's stored in .lrcat-data (the sidecars use the Ascii85 text encoding for binary data). The average size in .lrcat-data was 12 MB (15 MB in sidecars), but the maximum size was 45 MB (.lrcat-data) / 56 MB (.xmp sidecars):
View attachment 26589
A
user in the Adobe forum reported 500 raws from the same camera, with an average .lrcat-data size of 27 MB.
The sizes don't correlate strongly with ISO:
View attachment 26590
I believe the sizes vary primarily due to Camera Raw's compression of the Denoise data. I looked carefully at perhaps 15 of the photos across the range of sizes, and the size seems to correlate well with the amount of detail in the photo, which makes sense -- the more the detail, the less you can compress without loss of quality. The largest .xmp (56 MB) was almost entirely of tiny deciduous tree branches missing leaves.
In the scatterplot above, the higher ISO photos had smaller sizes. But these photos also had much less detail -- they were taken in dark scenes, with large shadow areas missing much detail. It may be that for a given scene, higher ISOs result in larger Denoise data due to sensor noise creating more detail, but I haven't investigated that.