As expected. if you "Export as catalog" the new catalog has a different internal catalog ID than the one it was exported from. If you unpause sync on this new catalog, LR/Cloud will see that this catalog has a different internal Id and as you are only allowed to sync one catalog with LR/Cloud you get this message.
Now here's the rub. In many cases, if you exported your entire previously synced catalog selecting "Yes, sync this catalog instead" works fine. It will initially scare you as the sync status pop up will indicate that it is re-syncing all the images again but what it is actually doing is just updating some pointers and is not re-uploading or downloading the images again.
However, in
some cases this does not work as well as it is supposed to and it has trouble associating LR/Cloud images with their mates in the new LR/Classic catalog. If this happens, all the images in LR/Cloud get synced down to LR/Classic as if they were new images and many of these may be Smart Previews if that is what is in LR/Cloud. All of these images will be placed in the folder designated in the Lightroom Sync tab of the Preferences. To be better prepared in case this happens to you, before you sync this new catalog it is a good idea to either move all the images out of the folder designated as the Sync Folder for LR/Cloud downloads or change the preferences to use a different folder. If you do this and things go wonky, all those images (be they smart previews or full size images) - which are almost certainly duplciates of other images in the catalog - are all in one place and easier to deal with. I have written several blogs on sync behavior so take a look at "case 4" in
https://www.danhartfordphoto.com/blog/2024/12/lr025-change-sync-catalog which describes this scenario. The referenced blog is based on the results of numerous test I have conducted which behaved this way. However, subsequent tests, and many folks have reported that when they synced the new catalog it behaved as one would expect and the new catalog just picked up syncing where the old one left off. No one that I know of can explain why it works one way some of the time and works another way at other times.